Akwai madaidaitan buƙatun fasaha don nau'ikan tasfoma daban-daban, waɗanda za'a iya bayyana su ta daidaitattun sigogin fasaha.Misali, manyan ma'auni na fasaha na injin wutar lantarki sun haɗa da: ƙimar wutar lantarki, ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, mitar ƙima, ƙimar zafin aiki, haɓakar zafin jiki, ƙimar ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki, aikin rufewa da juriya da danshi.Ga madaidaitan ma'ajin na'ura na yau da kullun, manyan ma'auni na fasaha sune: canjin canji, halayen mita, murdiya mara kyau, garkuwar maganadisu da garkuwar lantarki, inganci, da sauransu.
Babban sigogi na mai canzawa sun haɗa da rabon ƙarfin lantarki, halayen mitar, ƙarfin da aka ƙididdigewa da inganci.
(1)Rabon wutar lantarki
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin ma'aunin wutar lantarki n na taransfoma da juyi da karfin wutar lantarki na firamare da sakandare ita ce kamar haka: n=V1/V2=N1/N2 inda N1 ita ce ta farko (primary) na taransfoma, N2 ita ce. na biyu (secondary) winding, V1 shine wutar lantarki a bangarorin biyu na iskar firamare, kuma V2 shine wutar lantarki a bangarorin biyu na iska.Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki n na mai ɗaukar hoto bai kai 1 ba, ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki n na mai taswirar matakin ƙasa ya fi 1, kuma rabon wutar lantarki na na'urar watsawa ta keɓewa daidai yake da 1.
(2)Ƙimar wutar lantarki P Wannan sigar gabaɗaya ana amfani da ita don masu canza wuta.Yana nufin ikon fitarwa lokacin da mai canza wutar lantarki zai iya aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da ƙetare ƙayyadadden zafin jiki ba ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden mitar aiki da ƙarfin lantarki.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ƙididdige shi yana da alaƙa da ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙarfe na ƙarfe, diamita na waya mai ƙyalƙyali, da dai sauransu. Na'urar tana da babban yanki na ɓangaren ƙarfe, diamita mai kauri mai kauri da babban ƙarfin fitarwa.
(3)Halayen mitar mitar Halayen mitar tana nufin cewa mai taswira yana da takamaiman kewayon mitar aiki, kuma tasfoma masu nau'ikan mitar aiki daban-daban ba za a iya musanya su ba.Lokacin da na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki ke aiki fiye da iyakar mitarsa, zazzabi zai tashi ko kuma na'urar ba za ta yi aiki akai-akai ba.
(4)Inganci yana nufin rabon ƙarfin fitarwa da ikon shigar da taransifoma a ƙimar ƙima.Wannan kimar dai ta yi daidai da karfin fitar da na’urar, wato, mafi girman karfin fitar da na’urar, mafi girman inganci;Karamin ƙarfin fitarwa na taransfoma, ƙananan ƙarfin aiki.Ƙimar ingancin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya tsakanin 60% zuwa 100%.
A rated power, da rabo daga fitarwa ikon da shigar da wutar lantarki da ake kira Transformer efficiency, wato
η= x100%
Inaη Shin ingancin wutar lantarki;P1 shine ikon shigarwa kuma P2 shine ikon fitarwa.
Lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa P2 na mai canzawa yayi daidai da ƙarfin shigar da P1, yadda ya daceη Daidai da 100%, transformer ba zai haifar da wani asara ba.Amma a gaskiya, babu irin wannan transfomer.Lokacin da na’urar taranfoma ta aika da makamashin lantarki, yakan haifar da asara, wanda galibi ya hada da asarar tagulla da tagulla.
Asarar tagulla tana nufin asarar da juriyar juriyar wutar lantarki ta haifar.Lokacin da aka yi zafi na halin yanzu ta hanyar juriya na coil, wani ɓangare na makamashin lantarki zai zama makamashin zafi kuma ya ɓace.Kamar yadda nada gabaɗaya ke samun rauni ta hanyar wariyar jan ƙarfe da aka keɓe, ana kiranta asarar tagulla.
Rashin baƙin ƙarfe na transformer ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu.Daya shine asarar hysteresis.Lokacin da AC halin yanzu ya wuce ta cikin gidan wuta, shugabanci da girman layin maganadisu na ƙarfi da ke wucewa ta cikin takardar siliki na siliki na gidan wuta zai canza daidai da haka, yana haifar da ƙwayoyin da ke cikin takardar silicon ɗin su shafa juna da sakin makamashin zafi, don haka rasa wani ɓangare na makamashin lantarki, wanda ake kira asarar hysteresis.Sauran shine hasara na yanzu, lokacin da transfomer ke aiki.Akwai layin ƙarfin maganadisu da ke wucewa ta cikin ƙarfen ƙarfe, kuma za a samar da na'urar da aka haifar akan jirgin sama daidai da layin ƙarfin maganadisu.Tun da wannan halin yanzu yana samar da rufaffiyar madauki kuma yana yawo a cikin sifar guguwa, ana kiransa eddy current.Kasancewar eddy current yana sa jigon baƙin ƙarfe yayi zafi kuma yana cinye kuzari, wanda ake kira hasarar yanzu.
Ingancin na'urar na'ura yana da alaƙa sosai da matakin ƙarfin wutar lantarki.Gabaɗaya, mafi girman ƙarfin shine, ƙaramin hasara da ƙarfin fitarwa suke, kuma mafi girman ingancin shine.A akasin wannan, ƙananan ƙarfin, ƙananan ƙarfin aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-07-2022
