Akwai buƙatun fasaha masu dacewa ga nau'ikan na'urori masu canza wutar lantarki daban-daban, waɗanda za a iya bayyana su ta hanyar sigogin fasaha masu dacewa. Misali, manyan sigogin fasaha na na'urar canza wutar lantarki sun haɗa da: ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige, rabon ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙididdigewa, mitar da aka ƙididdigewa, matakin zafin aiki, ƙaruwar zafin jiki, ƙimar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki, aikin kariya da juriyar danshi. Ga na'urorin canza wutar lantarki masu ƙarancin mita gabaɗaya, manyan sigogin fasaha sune: rabon canji, halayen mita, karkacewar da ba ta layi ba, kariyar maganadisu da kariyar lantarki, inganci, da sauransu.
Babban sigogin na'urar transformer sun haɗa da rabon ƙarfin lantarki, halayen mita, ƙarfin da aka ƙima da inganci.
(1）Rabon ƙarfin lantarki
Alaƙa tsakanin rabon ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar transformer da juyawa da ƙarfin lantarki na na'urorin primary da secondary windings kamar haka: n=V1/V2=N1/N2 inda N1 shine na'urar transformer ta farko (babban) winding, N2 shine na'urar secondary (babban), V1 shine ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen na'urar primary winding, kuma V2 shine ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen na'urar secondary winding. Rabon ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar transformer ta mataki-sama bai kai 1 ba, rabon ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar transformer ta mataki-sama ya fi 1 girma, kuma rabon ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar transformer ta ware ya yi daidai da 1.
(2）Ƙarfin da aka ƙima P Wannan siga gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don masu canza wutar lantarki. Yana nufin ƙarfin fitarwa lokacin da mai canza wutar lantarki zai iya aiki na dogon lokaci ba tare da wuce zafin da aka ƙayyade ba a ƙarƙashin mitoci da ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙayyade. Ƙarfin mai canza wutar lantarki yana da alaƙa da yankin sashe na tsakiyar ƙarfe, diamita na wayar da aka ƙima, da sauransu. Mai canza wutar lantarki yana da babban yanki na tsakiyar ƙarfe, diamita mai kauri da aka ƙima da babban ƙarfin fitarwa.
(3）Halayen Mita Halayen Mita yana nufin cewa na'urar canza wutar lantarki tana da takamaiman kewayon mitar aiki, kuma ba za a iya musanya na'urorin canza wutar lantarki masu kewayon mitar aiki daban-daban ba. Lokacin da na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta yi aiki fiye da kewayon mitar ta, zafin zai tashi ko kuma na'urar canza wutar lantarki ba za ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
(4）Inganci yana nufin rabon ƙarfin fitarwa da ƙarfin shigarwa na na'urar transformer a lokacin da aka ƙididdige nauyin. Wannan ƙimar tana daidai da ƙarfin fitarwa na na'urar transformer, wato, girman ƙarfin fitarwa na na'urar transformer, mafi girman inganci; Ƙaramin ƙarfin fitarwa na na'urar transformer, ƙarancin inganci. Ƙimar inganci na na'urar transformer gabaɗaya yana tsakanin kashi 60% zuwa 100%.
A matsayin ƙarfin da aka ƙima, rabon ƙarfin fitarwa da ƙarfin shigarwa na na'urar transformer ana kiransa ingantaccen na'urar transformer, wato
η= x100%
Inaη Shin ingancin na'urar transformer ne; P1 shine ƙarfin shigarwa da P2 shine ƙarfin fitarwa.
Idan ƙarfin fitarwa na P2 na na'urar canza wutar lantarki ya yi daidai da ƙarfin shigarwar P1, ingancinsa zai yi daidai da na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta P1,η Daidai da kashi 100%, na'urar canza wutar lantarki ba za ta haifar da wata asara ba. Amma a zahiri, babu irin wannan na'urar canza wutar lantarki. Lokacin da na'urar canza wutar lantarki ke watsa makamashin lantarki, koyaushe tana haifar da asara, wanda galibi ya haɗa da asarar jan ƙarfe da asarar ƙarfe.
Asarar jan ƙarfe tana nufin asarar da juriyar na'urar transformer ke haifarwa. Idan aka dumama wutar lantarki ta hanyar juriyar na'urar, wani ɓangare na makamashin lantarki zai koma makamashin zafi kuma ya ɓace. Ganin cewa na'urar galibi tana lalacewa ta hanyar waya mai rufi, ana kiranta asarar jan ƙarfe.
Asarar ƙarfe ta na'urar transformer ta ƙunshi fannoni biyu. Ɗaya ita ce asarar hysteresis. Lokacin da wutar AC ta ratsa ta na'urar transformer, alkibla da girman layin ƙarfin maganadisu da ke ratsa ta na'urar transformer za su canza daidai gwargwado, wanda hakan zai sa ƙwayoyin da ke cikin takardar ƙarfe ta silicon su yi karo da juna su kuma saki makamashin zafi, don haka su rasa wani ɓangare na makamashin lantarki, wanda ake kira asarar hysteresis. Ɗayan kuma ita ce asarar eddy current, lokacin da na'urar transformer ke aiki. Akwai layin ƙarfin maganadisu da ke ratsa ta na'urar ƙarfe, kuma za a samar da wutar da aka haifar a kan jirgin sama a tsaye zuwa layin ƙarfin maganadisu. Tunda wannan wutar tana samar da madauki mai rufewa kuma tana zagayawa a cikin siffar whirlpool, ana kiranta da eddy current. Kasancewar wutar eddy tana sa tsakiyar ƙarfe ya yi zafi kuma yana cinye makamashi, wanda ake kira asarar eddy current.
Ingancin na'urar transformer yana da alaƙa da matakin wutar lantarki na na'urar transformer. Gabaɗaya, girman wutar lantarki, ƙarancin asara da ƙarfin fitarwa, kuma mafi girman ingancin aikin. Akasin haka, ƙaramin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin ingancin aikin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-07-2022
