Menene inductor?

Asali na Gudanar da Masana'antu na Bingsen

Inductance siffa ce ta zahiri a cikin da'ira wadda ke bayyana yadda sassan da'ira ke tsayayya da canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. Domin bayyana wannan ra'ayi dalla-dalla da kuma a cikin sharuddan mutane, bari mu bincika shi ta sassa da dama:

1. Filin yanzu da na maganadisu
Da farko, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ratsa ta waya, tana samar da filin maganadisu. Wannan babban ƙa'ida ne na electromagnetism. Ƙarfin filin maganadisu ya dogara da girman wutar lantarki: girman wutar lantarki, ƙarfin filin maganadisu da aka samar.

2. Shigar da wutar lantarki
Na gaba, za mu gabatar da tura wutar lantarki. Dokar Faraday ta tura wutar lantarki ta gaya mana cewa canjin filin maganadisu na iya samar da wutar lantarki a cikin masu jagoranci da ke kewaye. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kuna da filin maganadisu kuma ƙarfinsa ya canza, yana iya "tashi" ko "tashi" wutar lantarki a cikin wayoyi da ke kusa.

3. Aikin inductance
To, ta yaya inductance ke aiki? Idan kana da waya (kamar coil) kuma ka shafa wutar lantarki a ciki, za a samar da filin maganadisu. Idan wutar ta fara canzawa (ƙara ko raguwa), filin maganadisu da ke kewaye da ita shi ma zai canza. A cewar dokar Faraday, wannan filin maganadisu mai canzawa zai samar da wutar lantarki da aka haifar a kan wayar, wanda ke ƙoƙarin kiyaye kwararar wutar lantarki ta asali ba ta canzawa. Wannan lamari wani abu ne da ke nuna inductance.

Idan wutar lantarki ta ƙaru, inductor zai samar da juyi na ƙarfin lantarki, yana ƙoƙarin rage wutar lantarki. Idan wutar lantarki ta ragu, inductor zai samar da wutar lantarki ta gaba, yana ƙoƙarin ƙara wutar lantarki. Shi ya sa a wasu lokutan ake siffanta inductor a matsayin "inertia" na wutar lantarki, wanda ke tsayayya da canje-canje a wutar lantarki.

4. Na'urar haɗi da Inductance
A aikace-aikace na zahiri, domin ƙara tasirin inductance, yawanci ana ɗaure wayoyi zuwa siffar na'urori. Kowace waya da ke cikin na'urar za ta shafi juna saboda filin maganadisu da na'urori masu maƙwabtaka ke samarwa, wanda zai sa inductance na na'urar gaba ɗaya ya fi na mai jagora madaidaiciya girma.

5. Aikace-aikace
Inductors suna da amfani da yawa a aikace. Misali, a cikin kayan aiki na wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da inductors don rage canjin wutar lantarki; A cikin kayan aikin sadarwa mara waya, ana amfani da shi tare da capacitors don ƙirƙirar da'irar juyawa waɗanda zasu iya tace sigina na takamaiman mitoci.

(1) Matatar wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da inductors a cikin da'irori na wutar lantarki, musamman wajen sauya wutar lantarki, don daidaita wutar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki, rage hayaniya da ƙararrawa. Ana amfani da su don danne hayaniyar mita mai yawa da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ta DC ga da'irori.
(2) Zaɓen Sauti da Zaɓin Mita
Ana amfani da inductors da capacitors tare don kafa da'irar resonant waɗanda za su iya zaɓar ko ƙara sigina a takamaiman mitoci. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin na'urorin sadarwa mara waya kamar rediyo da wayoyin hannu, domin ana iya amfani da shi don tace mita da daidaitawa.

(3) Ajiyar makamashi da watsawa
Inductors suna aiki a matsayin abubuwan adana makamashi a cikin da'irori, musamman a cikin samar da wutar lantarki ta bugun jini da aikace-aikacen adana makamashi na ɗan lokaci. A cikin transformers, ana amfani da inductors don canja wurin makamashi tsakanin da'irori daban-daban ta hanyar haɗin maganadisu kuma yana ba da damar canje-canje a cikin matakan ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu.
(4) Iyakance kariyar wutar lantarki da kuma yawan wutar lantarki
A cikin da'irori na farawa da samar da wutar lantarki na injunan lantarki, inductors na iya iyakance saurin hauhawar wutar lantarki da kuma kololuwar wutar lantarki, ta haka suna samar da kariya daga overcurrent da kuma hana lalacewar da'ira.

(5) Sarrafa sigina
A fannin sarrafa siginar analog, ana amfani da inductor don tace siginar mita mai yawa, daidaita juriya, da kuma jinkirta siginar. Suna da yawa a cikin ƙira daban-daban na tacewa.
(6) Dakatar da tsangwama ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki (EMI)
Ana amfani da inductance don dannewa da tace tsangwama ta lantarki (EMI), wanda zai iya hana hayaniya shiga da'irar da kuma hana hayaniya fitowa daga da'irar, ta haka ne za a guji tsangwama ga wasu na'urori.

(7) Na'urori masu auna firikwensin
A wasu fasahohin firikwensin, ana amfani da inductor don gano canje-canje a cikin filayen maganadisu, wanda ƙila yana da alaƙa da matsayi, gudu, ko wasu adadi na zahiri.
(8) Gyaran ƙarfin lantarki
A cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na AC, ana amfani da inductor da capacitors tare don inganta ƙarfin lantarki, rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka inganta ingancin amfani da makamashin lantarki.

6. Sashin aunawa
Naúrar inductance ita ce Henry (H), wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan masanin kimiyyar Amurka Joseph Henry. Idan inductance na coil shine Henry 1, to duk lokacin da wutar lantarki ta canza a saurin ampere 1 a kowace daƙiƙa, zai samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin volt 1 a kan coil ɗin.

taƙaitaccen bayani
Don haka, gabaɗaya, inductance siffa ce ta wani ɓangaren da ke tsayayya da canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da juyi mai juyi a cikin ɓangaren don magance canje-canje masu sauri a cikin wutar lantarki. Wannan ƙa'ida mai sauƙi tana da aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin fasahar lantarki da injiniyan lantarki, tun daga mafi sauƙin tace wutar lantarki zuwa daidaitawar mitar rediyo mai rikitarwa.